Like most of Polish grammar, dopełniacz is a pain, but my book does a pretty good job of describing it so I’m just going to translate it to share with others. Maybe I’ll make a plural form at some point, but this is already long on its own.
Masculine nouns have the endings of either -a or -u.
Use -a for:
- Living things
- Months
- Tools and containers
- Parts of the body
- Names of Polish cities
- Diminutives that end in -ek and -ik/-yk
- Words that end in -ak and -nik in the nominative declension
Use -u for:
- Abstract things
- Collective nouns (forest is an example)
- Objects of transportation
- Names of nonpolish cities
- Words that end in -ek and -izm/-yzm in the nominative declension
Feminine nouns have then endings of either -y or -i.
Use -y for:
- The majority of feminine nouns you encounter
Use -i for:
- Nouns that end in soft consonants
- Nouns that end in k or g
- Nouns that end in -ja
- Nouns that end in -cja. -sja, and -zja (make sure to keep the j in these cases i.e. kolacji)
Neuter nouns always end in -a in dopełniacz.
Disclaimer: There are always, always exceptions to the rules. I just wanted to share a resource that I thought would be helpful to others. Most of the time, I just play this declension by ear so with practice, it should become easy/almost natural c:
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